Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 39
Filter
1.
Acta cir. bras ; 38: e382023, 2023. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1439112

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate the role of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and angiogenetic factor endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in regulating hypoxia and placental development by routine histopathological methods. Methods: Twenty preeclamptic and normal placentas were used. Placenta tissue pieces were examined histopathologically after routine paraffin follow-ups. HIF-1α and ET-1 proteins were examined immunohistochemically, and placental tissues were examined ultrastructurally. Results: Increase in syncytial proliferation, endothelial damage in vessels, and increase in collagen were observed in preeclamptic placentas. As a result of preeclampsia, an increase was observed in HIF-1α and ET-1 protein levels in the placenta. Dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and loss of cristae in mitochondria were observed in trophoblast cells in preeclamptic placental sections. Conclusion: High regulation of oxygen resulting from preeclampsia has been shown to be a critical determinant of placentagenesis and plays an important role in placental differentiation, changes in maternal and fetal blood circulation, trophoblastic invasion, and syncytial node increase. It has been thought that preeclampsia affects secretion by disrupting the endoplasmic reticulum structure and induces mitochondrial damage, and that ET-1 may potentially help in the induction of stress pathways as a result of hypoxia in preeclampsia.


Subject(s)
Placenta/physiopathology , Placenta Diseases , Pre-Eclampsia , Endothelins , Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit , Immunohistochemistry
2.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 43(6): 474-479, June 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341139

ABSTRACT

Abstract Placental pathophysiology in SARS-CoV-2 infection can help researchers understand more about the infection and its impact on thematernal/neonatal outcomes. This brief review provides an overview about some aspects of the placental pathology in SARSCoV- 2 infection. In total, 11 papers were included. The current literature suggests that there are no specific histopathological characteristics in the placenta related to SARSCoV- 2 infection, but placentas frominfected women aremore likely to show findings of maternal and/or fetal malperfusion. The most common findings in placentas from infected women were fibrin deposition and intense recruitment of inflammatory infiltrates. The transplacental transmission of this virus is unlikely to occur, probably due to low expression of the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in placental cell types. Further studies are needed to improve our knowledge about the interaction between the virus and the mother-fetus dyad and the impact on maternal and neonatal/fetal outcomes.


Resumo A fisiopatologia da placenta na infecção por SARS-CoV-2 pode ajudar os pesquisadores a entender mais sobre a infecção e seu impacto nos resultados maternos/neonatais. Esta revisão breve fornece uma visão geral sobre alguns aspectos da patologia placentária na infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Ao todo, 11 artigos foram incluídos. A literatura atual sugere que não há características histopatológicas específicas nas placentas relacionadas à infecção por SARS-CoV-2, mas as placentas de mulheres infectadas têm maior probabilidade de apresentar achados de má perfusão materna e/ou fetal. Os achados mais comuns em placentas de mulheres infectadas foram deposição de fibrina e intenso recrutamento de infiltrado inflamatório. A transmissão transplacentária deste vírus é improvável, devido à baixa expressão do receptor para SARS-CoV-2 em tipos de células da placenta. Mais estudos são necessários para melhorar nosso conhecimento sobre a interação entre o vírus e a díade mãe-feto e o impacto nos resultados maternos e neonatais/fetais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta/pathology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/pathology , COVID-19/pathology , Placenta/physiopathology , Placenta/blood supply , Placenta/virology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , COVID-19/physiopathology , COVID-19/virology
4.
Acta cir. bras ; 33(9): 806-815, Sept. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-973500

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of oxidative stress in pregnant rats submitted to acute and chronic stress, relating to alterations in the uterus, placenta and fetus. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar albino (Rattus norvegicus), were divided into four groups, for induction of oxidative stress the animals were submitted to cold and physical immobilization. Plasma fasting glucose and MDA were determined in all groups and the fetuses and placentas were measured. Results: There were no statistical differences in the levels of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), however the averages of chronic stress group were higher compared to control groups, which could explain the observed adverse effects; there was no correlation between puppies' size, the weight of the placenta and MDA values. Conclusions: Chronic stress causes adverse effects, when compared to control groups; chronic stress group had fetuses, placentas and number of puppies, significantly lower compared to other groups. The rats exposed to chronic stress, also presented a higher frequency of fetal resorption.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Rats , Placenta/physiopathology , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Uterus/physiopathology , Lipid Peroxidation/physiology , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Fetus/physiopathology , Blood Glucose/analysis , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Rats, Wistar , Fetal Weight/physiology , Disease Models, Animal
5.
Clinics ; 72(5): 265-271, May 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-840074

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the placental weight and birth weight/placental weight ratio for intrauterine growth-restricted and non-intrauterine growth-restricted monochorionic and dichorionic twins. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of placentas from twin pregnancies. Placental weight and the birth weight/placental weight ratio were compared in intrauterine growth-restricted and non-intrauterine growth-restricted monochorionic and dichorionic twins. The association between cord insertion type and placental lesions in intrauterine growth-restricted and non-intrauterine growth-restricted monochorionic and dichorionic twins was also investigated. RESULTS: A total of 105 monochorionic (intrauterine growth restriction=40; non-intrauterine growth restriction=65) and 219 dichorionic (intrauterine growth restriction=57; non-intrauterine growth restriction=162) placentas were analyzed. A significantly lower placental weight was observed in intrauterine growth-restricted monochorionic (p=0.022) and dichorionic (p<0.001) twins compared to non-intrauterine growth-restricted twins. There was no difference in the birth weight/placental weight ratio between the intrauterine growth restriction and non-intrauterine growth restriction groups for either monochorionic (p=0.36) or dichorionic (p=0.68) twins. Placental weight and the birth weight/placental weight ratio were not associated with cord insertion type or with placental lesions. CONCLUSION: Low placental weight, and consequently reduced functional mass, appears to be involved in fetal growth restriction in monochorionic and dichorionic twins. The mechanism by which low placental weight influences the birth weight/placental weight ratio in intrauterine growth-restricted monochorionic and dichorionic twins needs to be determined in larger prospective studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Young Adult , Birth Weight/physiology , Chorion/physiology , Fetal Development/physiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/physiopathology , Placenta/anatomy & histology , Pregnancy, Twin/physiology , Gestational Age , Organ Size , Placenta/pathology , Placenta/physiopathology , Reference Values , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Twins, Dizygotic , Twins, Monozygotic
6.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 34(4): 329-331, abr. 2014.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-712720

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and to detect genomic DNA of the parasite in the reproductive organs, fetuses and fetal membranes of sheep in slaughterhouses in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The Indirect Immunofluorescence technique (IFA) was used for screening. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was used to detect DNA of T. gondii in the animals that were positive in the serology. In the serology, 13/50 samples were positive and genomic DNA of T. gondii was detected in one uterus, tube, ovary, placenta and fetus (heart, brain and umbilical cord) sample from a sheep that was positive in the serology. The present study provides evidence of the occurrence of T. gondii DNA in the organs of the reproductive system, placenta and fetus of a naturally infected sheep.


Objetivou-se estudar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii e detectar o DNA genômico do parasito em órgãos reprodutivos, fetos e anexos fetais de ovelhas em matadouros no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de soro sanguíneo, útero, trompas e ovários, além de fetos e placentas. Para a triagem utilizou-se a técnica de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e para a detecção do DNA de T. gondii empregou-se a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) nos animais positivos na sorologia e em todos os fetos e anexos fetais. Na sorologia, 13/50 amostras foram positivas e o DNA genômico de T. gondii foi detectado em uma amostra de útero, trompa, ovário, placenta e feto (coração, cérebro e cordão umbilical) de uma ovelha positiva na sorologia. A identidade molecular dos produtos amplificados foi confirmada por sequenciamento. Neste estudo comprova-se a ocorrência do DNA de T. gondii em órgãos do sistema reprodutivo, placenta e feto de ovelha naturalmente infectada.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fetus/physiopathology , Sheep/immunology , Sheep/parasitology , Placenta/physiopathology , Toxoplasma/genetics , Toxoplasma/isolation & purification , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(7): 895-902, jul. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-695771

ABSTRACT

Uric acid is the final metabolite of purine break down, such as ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine. The metabolite has been used broadly as a renal failure marker, as well as a risk factor for maternal and neonatal morbidity during pre-eclamptic pregnancies. High purine levels are observed in pre-eclamptic pregnancies, but the sources of these purines are unknown. However, there is evidence that pre-eclampsia (mainly severe pre-eclampsia) is associated with an increased release of cellular fragments (or microparticles) from the placenta to the maternal circulation. These in fact could be the substrate for purine metabolism. Considering this background, we propose that purines and uric acid are part of the same physiopathological phenomenon in pre-eclampsia (i.e., placental dysfunction) and could become biomarkers for placental dysfunction and postnatal adverse events.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Placenta/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/blood , Purines/blood , Uric Acid/blood , Biomarkers/blood , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology
8.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2013. 76 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-711931

ABSTRACT

A Diabetes Mellitus Gestacional (DMG) pode ser definida como intolerância a carboidrato durante a gravidez e estima-se que pode afetar 10-22% de todas as pacientes grávidas. Durante a gravidez podem surgir diversas complicações para o feto como risco elevado de aborto espontâneo, anormalidades congênitas e morbidade e mortalidade neonatal. Entretanto, podem surgir também alterações morfofuncionais em diversos órgãos da mãe diabética, porém isso não é bem estabelecido. Investigar se haverá ou não alterações bioquímicas e histopatológicas em diversos órgãos, como hipófise, útero, placenta e pâncreas de ratas grávidas com diabetes mellitus durante e no final da gravidez e compará-las . Além disso, investigar se há alteração na matriz extracelular (MEC) da hipófise desses animais. No 5º dia de vida, ratas Wistar foram divididas em dois grupos: um tratado com estreptozotocina (Grupo Diabético / DIAB), na dose de 90 mg/kg, subcutâneo e outro grupo, que foi tratado com veículo (tampão citrato/CTR). Aos 90 dias de vidas, foram submetidas ao cruzamento. Após isso, foram sacrificadas no 11º e 21º dia de gravidez. Foram avaliados glicemia e bioquímica maternal e número de implantes .O pâncreas, útero, placenta e hipófises foram coradas com Hematoxilina e Eosina e somente as hipófises foram coradas com Massom e Picrosirius, para avaliação da MEC.Os animais diabéticos tanto do 11º quanto do 21º dia apresentaram uma redução no número de implantes, menor peso e maior glicemia e colesterol total, em relação aos animais controle independente do dia da gravidez. Não foi verificada diferença dos níveis de triglicerídeos entre os grupos não diabéticos e diabéticos, independente dos dias. Entretanto, os animais diabéticos que finalizaram o período de gestação apresentaram uma maior glicemia maternal em relação ao grupo diabético do 11º dia. Pâncreas de ratas diabéticas do 21º dia apresentaram vacuolização intracitoplasmática das ilhotas, insulite,migração de células ...


Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) can be defined as carbohidrat intolerance during pregnancy and it may affect 10-22% off all pregnant pacients. During pregnancy can surge lots of complications to the fetus such as high risk of spontaneous abortion, congenital abnormalities and neonatal morbity and mortality. However, it can also surge morphofunctional alterations in several organs of the diabetic mother, but it has not been well established .To investigate if there is going to be biochemical and histopathological alterations in several organs, such as pituitary, uterus, placenta and pancreas of pregnant diabetics rats during and in the end of pregnancy and compared them. Furthermore, to investigate if there is pituitary alteration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in these animals. On the 5th day of life, Wistar rats were divided in two groups: one treated with streptozotocin (Diabetic Group/DIAB) , with the dose of 90 mg/kg, subcutaneous and another group , treated with vehicle (citrate buffer/CTR). At 90 days of life, they were mated . After, they were sacrified at 11o e 21o days of pregnancy. Were evaluated maternal glicemia and biochemistry and implant numbers. The pancreas, uterus,placenta e pituitary were stained with Hematoxilin and Eosin and only the pituitary were stained with Masson and Picrosirius, for ECM evaluation. Diabetic animals of 11o day as well as 21o days during pregnancy showed a reduced implant numbers, reduced weight and higher glicemia and total cholesterol , compared with control animals independent of pregnancy day. It was not verified difference in triglycerides levels between non diabetic and diabetic animals, independent of the day. However, diabetic animals that concluded the gestational period showed a higher maternal glicemia compared with 11o day diabetic group. Pancreas of 21o days diabetic animals showed islets intracitoplasmatic vacuolization, insulitis, inflammatory cell migration, thickness of wall vessel ...


Subject(s)
Animals , Pregnancy , Rats , Diabetes, Gestational , Pregnancy Complications , Cholesterol/adverse effects , Hyperglycemia , Pituitary Gland/metabolism , Extracellular Matrix/metabolism , Pancreas/physiopathology , Pancreas/metabolism , Placenta/physiopathology , Placenta/metabolism , Uterus/metabolism
9.
Clinics ; 67(10): 1203-1208, Oct. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653485

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The current study sought to identify macroscopic placental changes associated with clinical conditions in women with or without diabetes and their newborns. METHODS: The study population consisted of 62 pregnant women clinically diagnosed with diabetes and 62 healthy women (control group). RESULTS: Among the subjects with diabetes, 43 women (69.3%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, 15 had diabetes mellitus I (24.2%), and four had diabetes mellitus II (6.5%). The mean age of the women studied was 28.5 ± 5.71 years, and the mean gestational age of the diabetic women was 38.51 weeks. Of the 62 placentas from diabetic pregnancies, 49 (79%) maternal surfaces and 59 (95.2%) fetal surfaces showed abnormalities, including calcium and fibrin deposits, placental infarction, hematoma, and fibrosis. A statistical association was found between newborn gender and fetal and maternal placental changes (p = 0.002). The mean weight of the newborns studied was 3,287 ± 563 g for women with diabetes mellitus, 3,205 ± 544 g for those with gestational diabetes mellitus, 3,563 ± 696 g forthose with diabetes mellitus II, and 3,095 ± 451 g forthose with diabetes mellitus I. CONCLUSIONS: Infarction, hematoma, calcification, and fibrin were found on the maternal and fetal placental surfaces in women with diabetes. Women with gestational diabetes and post-term infants had more calcium deposits on the maternal placental surface as compared to those with type I and type II diabetes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Diabetes Complications/physiopathology , Diabetes, Gestational/physiopathology , Placenta/physiopathology , Apgar Score , Case-Control Studies , Gestational Age , Pregnancy Outcome , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Surface Properties
10.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 99(4): 931-935, out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-654259

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A fisiopatologia da Pré-Eclampsia (PE) é caracterizada por deficiência no processo de placentação, disfunção endotelial sistêmica e hiperfluxo do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC). Do ponto de vista clínico, seria interessante determinar a ocorrência desses fenômenos antes do aparecimento das manifestações clínicas da doença, levantando a possibilidade de novos métodos de predição da PE. OBJETIVO: Comparar o processo de placentação, a função endotelial e o hiperfluxo do SNC em gestantes de alto risco para desenvolvimento de PE que posteriormente desenvolveram ou não a síndrome. MÉTODOS: Um total de 74 gestantes foi submetido ao exame de Dilatação Fluxo-Mediada (DFM) da artéria braquial, dopplerfluxometria de artérias uterinas e oftálmica para avaliação da função endotelial, processo de placentação e hiperfluxo central, respectivamente. Os exames foram realizados entre 24 e 28 semanas de gestação e as pacientes foram acompanhadas até o puerpério para coleta de dados. RESULTADOS: Quinze pacientes tiveram a gestação complicada pela PE e 59 se mantiveram normotensas até o puerpério. Pacientes que subsequentemente desenvolveram PE apresentaram entre 24 e 28 semanas de gestação, maiores valores no índice de pulsatilidade das artérias uterinas e menores valores de DFM (p < 0,001 e p = 0,001, respectivamente). Entretanto, não houve diferença nos valores obtidos no índice de resistência da artéria oftálmica (p = 0,08). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos sugerem que a deficiência no processo de placentação e a disfunção endotelial precedem cronologicamente as manifestações clínicas da PE, o que não ocorre com o hiperfluxo do SNC.


BACKGROUND: The physiopathology of Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by a deficiency in the process of placentation, systemic endothelial dysfunction and Central Nervous System (CNS) hyperflow. From a clinical point of view, it would be interesting to determine the occurrence of these phenomena before the onset of clinical manifestations of the disease, raising the possibility of new methods for predicting PE. OBJECTIVE:Compare the process of placentation, endothelial function and CNS hyperflow in pregnant women at high risk for the development of PE who subsequently developed or not the syndrome. METHODS: A total of 74 pregnant women underwent the Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, Doppler study of uterine and ophthalmic arteries for the assessment of endothelial function, process of placentation and central hyperflow, respectively. The examinations were performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation and were followed until the postpartum period for data collection. RESULTS: Fifteen patients had PE and 59 remained normotensive until the puerperium. Patients who subsequently developed PE had between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation, higher pulsatility index of uterine arteries and lower values of FMD (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). However, there was no difference in the values obtained in the resistive index in the ophthalmic artery (p = 0.08). CONCLUSION: The data obtained suggest that the deficiency in the process of placentation and endothelial dysfunction chronologically precede the clinical manifestations of PE, which does not occur with CNS hyperflow.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Uterus/physiopathology , Blood Flow Velocity/physiology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Brachial Artery/physiopathology , Central Nervous System/blood supply , Central Nervous System/physiopathology , Gestational Age , Placenta/blood supply , Placenta/physiopathology , Placentation/physiology , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Uterine Artery/physiopathology , Uterus/blood supply
11.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 77(1): 72-78, 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627403

ABSTRACT

La preeclampsia se constituye como una de las complicaciones más serias del embarazo y una causa importante de mortalidad materna y perinatal. Pese a ser una de las patologías del embarazo más estudiadas, muchas dudas e incertidumbre rondan aún acerca de su mecanismo fisiopatológico. En esta revisión se intenta hacer un análisis sobre las nuevas teorías acerca de la fisiopatología de la preeclampsia, dando énfasis en las distintas moléculas que transfieren el daño placentario hacia el territorio sistémico.


Preeclampsia is one of the most serious gestational disease which causes maternal and perinatal mortality. In spite of being one of the most studied pathologies of the pregnancy there are many concerns around its physiopathology. In this review we attempt to analyze the new preeclampsia physiopathology theories, giving emphasis in the different molecules that transfer the placental damage towards the systemic territory.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Placenta/physiopathology , Apoptosis , Oxidative Stress
12.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 76(6): 431-438, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-612144

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: La placenta como otros órganos, normalmente presenta apoptosis, proceso fundamental para el mantenimiento y renovación de las estructuras. Para que este complejo proceso se realice con éxito, es necesario la estricta sincronización y modulación de las diferentes etapas de la apoptosis. Cuando la regulación falla, síndromes patológicos como la preeclampsia pueden iniciarse. Objetivo: Revisar los mecanismos moleculares implicados en la apoptosis de la placenta y sus anomalías. Método: Se realizaron búsquedas de los artículos sobre apoptosis placentaria y preeclampsia, en bases de datos Medline y otras fuentes científicas. Resultados: Muchos de los artículos confirman que la apoptosis placentaria anormal en diferentes períodos de la gestación está involucrada en la patogénesis de la preeclampsia. Conclusiones: Las anomalías de la apoptosis placentaria están relacionadas con el desarrollo posterior de preeclampsia.


Background: Placenta like other organs, normally presents apoptosis as a fundamental process for the maintenance and renovation of structures. For this complex process to occur successfully, strict synchronization and modulation of the different stages of apoptosis are needed. When regulation of these mechanisms fails, pathologic syndromes as preeclampsia can take course. Objective: To review the molecular mechanisms involved in placental apoptosis and its anomalies. Methods: Articles about placental apoptosis and preeclampsia were searched in Medline Database and other scientific sources. Results: Many articles report and confirm that abnormal placental apoptosis at different gestational periods is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Conclusions: Anomalies in placental apoptosis are related to the posterior development of preeclampsia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Apoptosis/physiology , Placenta/cytology , Placenta/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Trophoblasts/physiology
13.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 67(1/2)jan.-fev. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-545208

ABSTRACT

A pré-eclâmpsia é uma complicação da gravidez que ocorre no terceiro trimestre de gestação e é específica da gravidez humana. Ela é secundária a uma disfunção placentária, a qual é responsável pela liberação na circulação materna de diversas substâncias responsáveis por ativação e até lesão do endotélio materno, tendo como consequências hipertensão arterial, nefropatia glomerular e aumento da permeabilidade vascular. Trabalhos recentes têm permitido melhor compreensão da fisiopatologia desta patologia, com a esperança de desenvolver novos instrumentos de detecção e possíveis perspectivas terapêuticas. Este artigo ilustra os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da revascularização uterina defeituosa, da disfunção placentária e da disfunção endotelial que ocorrem no decurso da pré-eclâmpsia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta/abnormalities , Placenta/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/pathology , Trophoblasts/metabolism , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/pathology
14.
Rev. eletrônica enferm ; 11(3)set. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-549691

ABSTRACT

As Síndromes Hipertensivas da Gestação (SHG) possuem intensidade variável de acordo com seu tipo. Com este estudo objetivou-se descrever as características demográficas materno- fetais e as alterações morfométricas placentárias nos diferentes tipos de SHG, pela análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes hipertensas, com placentas avaliadas morfologicamente, processadas para imunohistoquímica utilizando anticorpo monoclonal anti-human CD31 e analisadas morfometricamente. Os resultados demonstraram que, entre as SHG, os grupos com Hipertensão Crônica (HC) e Pré-eclâmpsia sobreposta à Hipertensão Crônica (PSHC) apresentaram idade materna superior (p=0,017). A frequência das SHG foi superior entre as multíparas. Menor idade gestacional, menores índices de Apgar e pesos placentários inferiores ao esperado para a população (p<0,05) foram observados nos casos com Pré-eclâmpsia (PE) e PSHC. Não houve diferença no número de vasos das vilosidades tronco placentárias. Nas demais, houve aumento nos casos com PE e Hipertensão Gestacional (HGE) e redução nos casos com PSHC. A importância do estudo consiste na descrição demográfica e morfológica nas SHG, visando melhorar o atendimento obstétrico e a compreensão dos diferentes tipos de SHG. A gravidade do quadro clínico das SHG tem relação com maiores intercorrências materno-fetais e com alterações no padrão vascular placentário.


The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (SHG) have variable intensity according to their type. This study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics and maternal-fetal morphometric changes of placenta in different types of SHG by retrospective analysis of medical records of hypertensive patients with placentas evaluated morphologically, processed for immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody anti-human CD31 and analyzed morphometrically . The results showed that among the SHG, the groups with chronic hypertension (CH) and Pre-eclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension (PSHC) showed higher maternal age (p = 0017). The frequency of the SHG was higher among multiparous. Lower gestational age, lower Apgar score and placental weights lower than expected for the population (p <0.05) were observed in cases with pre-eclampsia (PE) and PSHC. There was no difference in the number of vessels of placental stem villi. In the others, there was an increase in cases with PE and gestational hypertension (HGE) and reduction in cases with PSHC. The importance of the study is to describe the demographic and morphological SHG to improve the obstetric care and understanding of different types of SHG. The severity of symptoms of SHG is related to higher maternal and fetal complications and changes in placental vascular patern.


Los Síndromes Hipertensivos del Embarazo (SHG) tienen una intensidad variable de acuerdo con su tipo. El objetivo de este etudio fue describir las características demográficas materno-fetales y alteraciones morfométricas placentarias entre diferentes tipos de SHG. Los resultados mostraron que, entre los SHG, los grupos con Hipertensión Crónica (HC) e Preeclampsia relacionada a HC (PSHC) presentaron una edad materna estadísticamente superior (p=0,017). La frecuencia de los SHG fue superior entre las pacientes multíparas. Fue observada menor edad gestacional, menores índices de Apgar y pesos placentarios inferiores a los esperados para la populación general (p<0,05) en los casos con Preeclampsia (PE) y PSHC. No hubo diferencia en el número de vasos del tronco de las vellosidades placentarias. En los demás, hubo aumento en los casos con PE e Hipertensión Gestacional (HGE) y reducción en los casos con PSHC. La importancia del estudio consiste en la descripción demográfica y morfológica de los SHG, promoviendo mejorar el atendimiento obstétrico y la comprensión de los diferentes tipos de SHG. La gravedad del cuadro clínico de los SHG está relacionada con mayores complicaciones materno-fetales y con alteraciones en el padrón vascular placentario.


Subject(s)
Pregnancy Complications , Pregnancy , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced , Placenta/anatomy & histology , Placenta/physiopathology
15.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-46811

ABSTRACT

Malaria leads to pathophysiological and biochemical alterations in placenta and blood of pregnant mice. A significant decrease in the sugar, protein and lipid levels in the placental homogenate of pregnant-infected mice was observed compared to the pregnant mice. However, serum protein content was not altered much in the pregnant-infected mice as compared to the levels in control mice. The serum lipid level enhanced significantly in both pregnant and non pregnant-infected mice. The enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase altered significantly in malaria-infected placenta. Our study clearly highlights the possible role of these enzymes in damaging the placenta which in turn may jeoparadise the fetal growth together with altered biochemistry of placenta. Therefore biochemical along with pathological alterations occurring during malaria infection in pregnancy may account for compromised maternal fetal relationship.


Subject(s)
Acid Phosphatase/blood , Alkaline Phosphatase/blood , Animals , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Fetal Development , Lipids/blood , Malaria/physiopathology , Mice , Placenta/physiopathology , Plasmodium berghei , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/physiopathology
16.
São Paulo med. j ; 124(2): 96-100, Mar. -Apr. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-432177

ABSTRACT

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: As mudanças morfológicas nas artérias espiraladas no leito placentário têm sido exaustivamente estudadas na fisiopatologia da pré-eclâmpsia, moléstia esta que está entre as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade materna e perinatal. Segundo estudos, o vasoespasmo generalizado e os danos endoteliais representam as principais alterações fisiopatológicas da pré-eclâmpsia. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a microdensidade vascular no leito placentário nas gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia comparado às gestantes normotensas e possíveis repercussões maternas e perinatais. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal em gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia e gestantes normotensas submetidas à operação cesariana por indicações clínicas e obstétricas realizado no Departamento de Obstetrícia da Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, no período de 1º de novembro de 2003 a 30 de novembro de 2004. MÉTODO: 34 gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia e 26 gestantes normotensas foram submetidas à biópsia na área central do leito placentário para exame imunoistoquímico, usando o antígeno CD 34 para avaliar a microdensidade vascular em ambos os grupos, comparando-os. RESULTADOS: Biópsia do leito placentário contendo artérias espiraladas de 34 gestantes com hipertensão e proteinúria e 26 gestantes normotensas. Foi realizada a contagem das artérias nos segmentos decidual e miometrial. A microdensidade vascular foi menor nas gestantes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia quando comparadas às grávidas normotensas e a microdensidade foi diminuindo progressivamente à medida que os níveis pressóricos foram mais elevados bem como os níveis de proteinúria. CONCLUSÃO: As gestantes portadoras de hipertensão e proteinúria têm microdensidade vascular diminuída no leito placentário, agravada pelos níveis pressóricos e proteinúria, provavelmente diminuindo o aporte de oxigênios e nutrientes ao concepto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Placenta/blood supply , Placenta/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Immunohistochemistry , Microcirculation/physiopathology , Proteinuria/physiopathology
17.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-1267

ABSTRACT

The study was done to see the gross morphologic changes of placenta in human normal pregnancy and eclapmsia, with the aim that it would be able to increase the general body of knowledge regarding the gross morphology of normal placenta and the changes that occur in eclampsia in our population. Total of 45 (n=45) placenta, 25 (n=25) from eclampsia and 20 (n=20) from normal pregnant cases were collected from Gynaecology and Obstetric Department of Mymensingh Medical College & Hospital (MMCH). Study was done in Anatomy Department of Mymensingh Medical College (MMC). Macroscopic study of the formol saline fixed placentas revealed that, compared to the controls there was trends of lower weights and volumes of placentas in eclamptic group. Statistical significance of difference between two groups was calculated by using Students "t" test. A difference between the two groups was considered to be significant when p<0.005.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Eclampsia/physiopathology , Female , Fetal Growth Retardation , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Placenta/physiopathology , Pre-Eclampsia/physiopathology , Pregnancy
18.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 57(11): 663-8, nov. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-286298

ABSTRACT

La altitud geográfica disminuye la presión de oxígeno, ocasionando cambios placentarios: disminución de su peso y difusión de oxígeno, aumento de células trofoblásticas, nudos sincitiales y capilares fetales. Adaptaciones cardiorrespiratorias con un patrón respiratorio profundo y lento, sin cambio en la ventilación con reflejo de Hering Breuer en reacción vagal fásica inspiratoria más alta y reflejo espiratorio más bajo. El impacto sobre la frecuencia cardiaca no es mayor, se observa una mayor fuerza del intervalo entre latidos. La velocidad de crecimiento fetal reduce el peso al nacer de 102 a 130 g a partir de la altura crítica de 2 000 m ó 105 g por cada 50 mm de Hg en la presión, concomitantemente la Hb aumenta 4 por ciento por cada 100 m de altitud con más riesgo de policitemia. El crecimiento postnatal muestra niños más pequeños hasta los 2 años. La menor expansión del volumen sanguíneo condiciona preeclampsia así como partos de pretérmino debido a cambios placentarios. Alta frecuencia de labio leporino, microotia, anomalías de arco branquial, bandas constrictoras, atresia rectal y craneosinostosis obedecen a la altura. El enfriamiento y su protección influyen en menor estimulación y desarrollo.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Physiological , Altitude , Placenta/physiopathology , Infant, Newborn/physiology , Risk Factors , Congenital Abnormalities/physiopathology , Fetal Development/physiology , Oxygen
19.
Rev. bras. ginecol. obstet ; 22(8): 511-7, set. 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-272859

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: demonstrar os tipos de malformaçöes em gestaçöes múltiplas assim como a influência da corionicidade nestes casos. Métodos: foram analisadas 169 gestaçöes múltiplas submetidas à avaliaçäo ultra-sonográfica no Setor de Medicina Fetal da Clínica Obstetrícia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Säo Paulo no período de janeiro de 1997 a janeiro de 1999. A corionicidade foi definida por meio de ultra-sonografia no primeiro trimestre, presença de placentas separadas, sexos diferentes ou exame anatomopatológico da placenta. Resultados: do total de gestaçöes, 24 apresentavam malformaçöes fetais (14,2 por cento) sendo 22 em gestaçöes duplas e 2 em gestaçöes triplas. Das gestaçöes gemelares que apresentavam malformaçöes fetais, 13 eram monocoriônicas, 4 dicoriônicas e em 5 a corionicidade näo era conhecida. Os tipos de malformaçöes fetais foram aquelas associadas unicamente a gestaçöes múltiplas (gêmeos unidos, n=5; gêmeo acárdico, n=3) e as que também ocorrem em gestaçöes únicas. A idade gestacional do parto de fetos com anomalias foi menor em relaçäo aos sem anomalias. Conclusöes: a maioria das malformaçöes congênitas ocorreu em gestaçöes monocoriônicas. A determinaçäo precoce do tipo de placentaçäo é útil no estabelecimento do prognóstico de gestaçöes gemelares, permitindo o planejamento das condutas em gestaçöes complicadas por anomalias congênitas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Fetus/abnormalities , Placenta/physiopathology , Pregnancy, Multiple , Chromosome Aberrations , Diseases in Twins , Gestational Age , Prenatal Diagnosis , Ultrasonography, Prenatal
20.
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL